178 research outputs found
Controlled generation of a pn-junction in a waveguide integrated graphene photodetector
With its electrically tunable light absorption and ultrafast photoresponse,
graphene is a promising candidate for high-speed chip-integrated photonics. The
generation mechanisms of photosignals in graphene photodetectors have been
studied extensively in the past years. However, the knowledge about efficient
light conversion at graphene pn-junctions has not yet been translated into
high-performance devices. Here, we present a graphene photodetector integrated
on a silicon slot-waveguide, acting as a dual-gate to create a pn-junction in
the optical absorption region of the device. While at zero bias the
photo-thermoelectric effect is the dominant conversion process, an additional
photoconductive contribution is identified in a biased configuration. Extrinsic
responsivities of 35 mA/W, or 3.5 V/W, at zero bias and 76 mA/W at 300 mV bias
voltage are achieved. The device exhibits a 3 dB-bandwidth of 65 GHz, which is
the highest value reported for a graphene-based photodetector.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figure
Large-signal model of the Metal-Insulator-Graphene diode targeting RF applications
We present a circuit-design compatible large-signal compact model of
metal-insulator-graphene (MIG) diodes for describing its dynamic response for
the first time. The model essentially consists of a voltage-dependent diode
intrinsic capacitance coupled with a static voltage-dependent current source,
the latter accounts for the vertical electron transport from/towards graphene,
which has been modeled by means of the Dirac-thermionic electron transport
theory through the insulator barrier. Importantly, the image force effect has
been found to play a key role in determining the barrier height, so it has been
incorporated into the model accordingly. The resulting model has been
implemented in Verilog A to be used in existing circuit simulators and
benchmarked against an experimental 6-nm TiO2 barrier MIG diode working as a
power detector.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
Towards a Critical Open-Source Software Database
Open-source software (OSS) plays a vital role in the modern software
ecosystem. However, the maintenance and sustainability of OSS projects can be
challenging. In this paper, we present the CrOSSD project, which aims to build
a database of OSS projects and measure their current project "health" status.
In the project, we will use both quantitative and qualitative metrics to
evaluate the health of OSS projects. The quantitative metrics will be gathered
through automated crawling of meta information such as the number of
contributors, commits and lines of code. Qualitative metrics will be gathered
for selected "critical" projects through manual analysis and automated tools,
including aspects such as sustainability, funding, community engagement and
adherence to security policies. The results of the analysis will be presented
on a user-friendly web platform, which will allow users to view the health of
individual OSS projects as well as the overall health of the OSS ecosystem.
With this approach, the CrOSSD project provides a comprehensive and up-to-date
view of the health of OSS projects, making it easier for developers,
maintainers and other stakeholders to understand the health of OSS projects and
make informed decisions about their use and maintenance.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Nanosecond spin lifetimes in bottom-up fabricated bilayer graphene spin-valves with atomic layer deposited AlO spin injection and detection barriers
We present spin transport studies on bi- and trilayer graphene non-local
spin-valves which have been fabricated by a bottom-up fabrication method. By
this technique, spin injection electrodes are first deposited onto
Si/SiO substrates with subsequent mechanical transfer of a
graphene/hBN heterostructure. We showed previously that this technique allows
for nanosecond spin lifetimes at room temperature combined with carrier
mobilities which exceed 20,000 cm/(Vs). Despite strongly enhanced spin and
charge transport properties, the MgO injection barriers in these devices
exhibit conducting pinholes which still limit the measured spin lifetimes. We
demonstrate that these pinholes can be partially diminished by an oxygen
treatment of a trilayer graphene device which is seen by a strong increase of
the contact resistance area products of the Co/MgO electrodes. At the same
time, the spin lifetime increases from 1 ns to 2 ns. We believe that the
pinholes partially result from the directional growth in molecular beam
epitaxy. For a second set of devices, we therefore used atomic layer deposition
of AlO which offers the possibility to isotropically deposit more
homogeneous barriers. While the contacts of the as-fabricated bilayer graphene
devices are non-conductive, we can partially break the oxide barriers by
voltage pulses. Thereafter, the devices also exhibit nanosecond spin lifetimes.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Identifying suitable substrates for high-quality graphene-based heterostructures
We report on a scanning confocal Raman spectroscopy study investigating the
strain-uniformity and the overall strain and doping of high-quality chemical
vapour deposited (CVD) graphene-based heterostuctures on a large number of
different substrate materials, including hexagonal boron nitride (hBN),
transition metal dichalcogenides, silicon, different oxides and nitrides, as
well as polymers. By applying a hBN-assisted, contamination free, dry transfer
process for CVD graphene, high-quality heterostructures with low doping
densities and low strain variations are assembled. The Raman spectra of these
pristine heterostructures are sensitive to substrate-induced doping and strain
variations and are thus used to probe the suitability of the substrate material
for potential high-quality graphene devices. We find that the flatness of the
substrate material is a key figure for gaining, or preserving high-quality
graphene.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
A Survey of Dataspace Connector Implementations
The concept of dataspaces aims to facilitate secure and sovereign data
exchange among multiple stakeholders. Technical implementations known as
"connectors" support the definition of usage control policies and the
verifiable enforcement of such policies. This paper provides an overview of
existing literature and reviews current open-source dataspace connector
implementations that are compliant with the International Data Spaces (IDS)
standard. To assess maturity and readiness, we review four implementations with
regard to their architecture, underlying data model and usage control language.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
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